Abbreviations

AAT: Getty Research Institute. 2016. “Art & Architecture Thesaurus.” Accessed August 16. http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/.
AN: Anguttara Nikaya, Access to Insight, https://www.accesstoinsight.org/ati/tipitaka/an/index.html, accessed 2021-02-18
AS: Academica Sinica
ASS: Asato, Noriko (ed). 2013. Handbook for Asian Studies Specialists: A Guide to Research Materials and Collection Building Tools, Libraries Unlimited, Santa Barbara, California, http://ebooks.abc-clio.com/?isbn=9781598848434.
ABC: DeFrancis, J. (Ed.), 2003. ABC Chinese-English comprehensive dictionary: alphabetically based computerized, ABC Chinese dictionary series. University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu.
ABCE: Schuessler, A., 2007. ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. University of Hawaii Press.
Baidu Baike 百度百科, https://baike.baidu.com/.
B: Lan Jifu (Ed.) 1985. Buddhist Canon Supplementary Texts 大藏經補編, Taipei: Chinese Universal Publishing 華宇出版社, http://tripitaka.cbeta.org/B (Accessed 2020-02-02).
BAR: Downing, D, Covington, MA & Covington, MM 2015, Barron’s Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms, English-Chinese translation, Qinghua University Press, Beijing.
BCSD: Hirakawa, Akira 1997. Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary, Tokyo: The Reiyukai.
BL: Buswell, Robert E., and Donald S. Lopez, eds. The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014.
BSAD: Zhang, Bo-Yong, and Grace Ge. 2008. "Person Authority Database" 《人名規範資料庫》. Dharma Drum Buddhist College, http://authority.dila.edu.tw/person/.
BSPAD: Zhang, Bo-Yong, and Grace Ge. 2002. "Place Authority Database" 《地名規範資料庫》. Dharma Drum Buddhist College, viewed 11 March 2017, http://authority.dila.edu.tw/place/.
BUS: Bussmann, Hadumod, ed. 2007, Yunanxue Cidian 《语言学词典》, Beijing: Commercial Press.
BDRC: Buddhist Digital Resource Center, https://library.bdrc.io/
CBD: Giles, Herbert Allen. 1898. A Chinese Biographical Dictionary 《古今姓氏族譜》. London; Shanghai: B. Quaritch ; Kelly & Walsh.
CCANC: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, accessed 2021-02-16.
CC-CEDICT: CC-CEDICT project. “CC-CEDICT.” Accessed March 2, 2014. http://cc-cedict.org/wiki/ and MDBG Chinese-English dictionary, online dictionary website based on CC-CEDICT.
CCD: Dictionary Department, Institute of Languages, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Ed.), 2002. The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary, Chinese-English edition, Foreign Languages Teaching and Research Press, Beijing.
CCI: Jiao, Liwei, Cornelius C. Kubler ∓ Weiguo Zhang 2013, 500 Common Chinese Idioms: An Annotated Frequency Dictionary, Kindle, Routledge, Oxon, UK.
CCP: 中共 Chinese Communist Party
CDIP: Grimes, John A 1996, A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English. New and revised ed. Albany: State University of New York Press.
CEDCT: Shangwu Yinshu Guancishu Yanjiu Zhongxin (Ed.) 2015, Chinese-English Dictionary of Classified Terms, Commercial Press, Beijing.
CECDST: Gu, Renao. 2003. A Comprehensive English-Chinese Dictionary of Science and Technology. Bejing: Commercial Press.
CED: Wei Dongya (ed). 1997, Chinese-English dictionary 《汉英词典》, Revised ed., Foreign Languages Teaching and Research Press, Beijing.
CEDCI: Pan Weigui 潘维桂 2000, A Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Idioms 汉英汉语成语用法词典, Beijing: Sinolingua.
CEDB: Chen Guansheng, and Peizhu Li, eds. 2005, A Chinese-English Dictionary of Buddhist Terms 《中英佛教词典》. Beijing: Foriegn Languages Press 外文出版社.
CH: Wilkinson, EP 2015, Chinese History: a New Manual, Harvard University Asia Center, Cambridge and London.
Ci Yuan: Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Henan Ci Yuan Revision Committee, 1983, Revised ed, Ci Yuan 《辭源》, Commercial Press, Beijing.
CMG: Cross-Cultural Healthcare Program. 2011. Chinese medical glossary. Seattle, WA: Cross Cultural Health Care Program.
CPT: Liu Lianli (Ed.), 1999. HSK Chinese profiency test vocabulary guidline: A dictionary of Chinese usage: 8000 words. Beijing Language and Culture University Press, Beijing.
CV: “China Vitae.” 2016. Accessed May 19, 2016. http://chinavitae.com.
DCP: Rohsenow, JS 2003, ABC Dictionary of Chinese Proverbs (Yanyu), University of Hawaii Press.
DIET: Yang Ziyou. 2012. An English-Chinese Dictionary of Information and Electronic Technology 《英汉信息与电子科技词典》. Beijing: China Electric Power Press.
Ding: Ding Fubao 丁福保 1922, Dictionary of Buddhist Studies 《佛學大辭典》. China, Zhengwu Press, viewed 15 March 2017, https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/佛學大辭典, headwords at http://buddhaspace.org/dict/dfb/data/.
DJBT: Inagaki, Hisao, and P. G. O’Neill. 2007. A Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Terms. Stone Bridge Press.
DMCB: Dharma Drum Buddhist College, Database of Modern Chinese Buddhism, http://buddhistinformatics.ddbc.edu.tw/dmcb/Main_Page.
ECDST: Weng Ruiqi (Ed.). 2002. An English-Chinese dictionary of science and technology 《英汉科技辞典》. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
ECPD: Zui Xin Shi, Yong Ying Han, 1998. English-Chinese pinyin dictionary. New World Press, Beijing, China.
EMC: Early Middle Chinese
Eitel: Eitel, Ernest John 1904, Hand-Book of Chinese Buddhism: Being a Sanskrit-Chinese Dictionary, with Vocabularies of Buddhist Terms in Pali, Singhalese, Siamese, Burmesi, Tibetan, Mongolian and Japanese. 2nd ed. Tokyo: Lane, Crawford & Company. http://prajnaquest.fr/downloads/BookofDzyan/ReferenceBooks/Eitel/Eitel_-_Handbook_of_Chinese_Buddhism_-_2nd_ed_1904.pdf.
FDC: Ding Fubao 丁福保. 1984. Foxue Da Cidian 《佛學大辭典》. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press. https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/佛學大辭典. (Accessed 2016-06-13)
FE: Zhang Fangjie, Zhu Liangzhen, Deng Leran, 1996. Far East Chinese-English Dictionary 《遠東漢英大辭典》. The Far East Book Co., Taiwan.
FGS: Fo Guang Shan, including glossaries and notes
FGDB: Fo Guang Dictionary of Buddhism 佛光大辭典, at http://etext.fgs.org.tw/search/index.aspx, Accessed March 17, 2021.
Fl.: Floruit, he or she flourished during these years
FoC: Wu Zhengyi, Peter Raven, and Hong Deyuan, (eds.) 2013. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2.
For All Living Beings: Hsing Yun & Smitheram, R 2010, For All Living Beings: a Guide to Buddhist Practice, Buddha's Light Publishing, Los Angeles.
GCED: Giles, H.A., 1892. A Chinese-English Dictionary, London: B. Quaritch.
GDNH: Chen Jiarong, Xie Fang, Lu Junling, 1986. Gudai Nanhai Diming Hui Shi 《古代南海地名汇释》. Zhonghua Book Company, Beijing.
GHC: Chen Fu Hua 陈复华, ed. Gudai Hanyu Cidian 《古代汉语词典》. Beijing: China Commercial Press 商务印书馆, 2005.
GHDC: Wangjian Yin 王剑引, Liangjian Min, 2007. Gudai Hanyu Da Cidian 《古代汉语大词典》, Ci Hai. edition Shanghai Commercial Press, Shanghai.
GLSIB: Gong Guangli (Ed.) 2011, An English-Chinese Chinese-English Glossary of Library Science, Intelligence and Bibliography, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, Shanghai.
Glossary of Humanistic Buddhism: Fo Guang Shan 2019, The Glossary of Humanistic Buddhism 中英人間佛教詞彙選, Taiwan: Fo Guang Shan Institute of Humanistic Buddhism, https://foguangpedia.org/the-glossary-of-humanistic-buddhism/.
Guoyu: Ministry of Education, R.O.C, 2015Guoyu Cidian revised ed., 重編國語辭典修訂本, viewed 15 March 2017, www.moedict.tw.
Hanyu Da Cidian: Luo Zhufeng 罗竹风 (chief ed.), 1994, Hanyu Da Cidian 汉语大词典, Shanghai: Shanghai Cishu Press, 12 volumes..
Han Dian: 汉典 Han Dian, 2015, http://www.zdic.net/, accessed 2018-09-24.
HCD: Dillon, Michael. 1998. China: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon.
Hirakawa: Hirakawa, Akira. 1997. Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary. Tokyo: The Reiyukai.
HSK: Liu Lianli (Ed.), 1999. HSK Chinese profiency test vocabulary guidline: A dictionary of Chinese usage: 8000 words. Beijing Language and Culture University Press, Beijing.
HYCD: Wu, Jingcai. 1985. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Beijing: Commercial Press.
HYWW: Wang, D., Yang, Q., 2005. A Chinese-English glossary of cultural relics and archaeology 《汉英文物考古词汇》. Forbidden City Press, Beijing.
Hundred Lessons: Hsing Yun 2012, One Hundred Lessons on Monastery 《僧事百講》, Fo Guang Shan Wenhua Shiye, Taiwan
J: CBETA 2021, 嘉興大藏經Jiaxing Canon http://tripitaka.cbeta.org/J (Accessed 2021-01-03).
JDBT: Inagaki, Hisao, and P. G. O’Neill 2007, A Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Terms, Stone Bridge Press.
JEBD: Daitō Shuppansha. 1991. Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary 《日英佛敎辭典》. Tokyo: Daitō Shuppansha.
journal.nantien.edu.au: Studies on Humnastic Buddhism, Taiwan and Australia: Fo Guang Shan Institute of Humanistic Buddhism and Nan Tien Institute, https://journal.nantien.edu.au
KDC: Lancaster, L.R., 2004. The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue, http://www.acmuller.net/descriptive_catalogue.
Kroll: Kroll, PW 2015, A student’s dictionary of Classical and Medieval Chinese, Brill, Leiden, Boston.
Lunyu x:y The Analects of Confucius scroll x, paragraph y
Mahāvyutpatti: Fayun, Mahāvyutpatti 翻譯名義大集 (Fanyi Mingyi Daji), Kyoto University, 1916, reproduction of historic text with scan published by Buddhist Digital Resource Center at https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=O4JW5431%7CO4JW54314JW27685$W1KG4598, accessed 2021-02-25.
MC: Middle Chinese
MN: Majjhima Nikaya, Access to Insight, https://www.accesstoinsight.org/ati/tipitaka/mn/index.html, accessed 2021-02-17
MPRC: “Map of the People’s Republic of China 《中华人民共和国地图》.” 2002. Chinese-English Edition, Sino Maps Press.
MW: Monier Williams, 1899. Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary.Clarendon Press, Oxford. http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/. Accessed March 2, 2014.
MWE: multiword expression
NCCED: Hui Yu, (ed.), 2004. A New Century Chinese-English Dictionary 新世纪汉英大词典, Beijing: Foreign Languages Teaching and Research Press.
PPN: Muller, Edward. 1888. “Pali Proper Names.” Journal of the Pali Text Society. http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/dic_idx.html, Accessed 6 June 2016.
PRC: 中华人民共和国 People's Republic of China
QZW: Wu, Kathy and Sai Tee 2015, Thousand-Character Classic, Singapore: China Publishing House.
SDC: China Communications Press, 2016. World Atlas 世界地图册, China Communications Press, Beijing.
SEEKERS: Van Hien Study Group 2003, The seeker's glossary: Buddhism. New York: Sutra Translation Committee of the U.S. & Canada.
Shambhala: The Shambhala dictionary of Buddhism and Zen, 1st ed. 1991. Shambhala ; Distributed in the U.S. by Random House, Boston: New York.
SH: Soothill, WE & LA Hodous 1937, A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co. Ltd.
Shuo Wen: Xu Shen. “Shuo Wen Jie Zi 說文解字,” 121 CE. Chinese Text Project. http://ctext.org/shuo-wen-jie-zi, Accessed 2015/01/10.
SN: Samyutta Nikaya, Access to Insight, https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/index.html, accessed 2021-02-16
Suyu: Xu Zongcai, Ying Junling (Eds.) 2011, Suyu Cidian 《俗语词典》 Commercial Press, Beijing.
T: Takakusu Junjiro (Ed.) 1988. Taishō shinshū Daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經, Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō Kankōkai, http://tripitaka.cbeta.org/T (Accessed 2016-07-04).
TGN: Getty Research Institute. 2016. “Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.” Accessed August 25. http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/tgn/.
TM: Translation memory
Unihan: Unicode Consortium, 2015. Unicode Han Database, http://unicode.org/reports/tr38/.
VIAF: VIAF Contributors. 2016. “Virtual International Authority File.” Accessed October 30, 2016. http://viaf.org.
VOA: Voice of America
WG: Wade-Giles
WIKI: Wikipedia, 2016, Wikimedia Foundation. Accessed October 30, 2016. http://www.wikipedia.org/. WN: Wang Cuihua, ed. 2013. Wu Nan Guo Yu Cidian《五南國語辭典》. Taipei: Wu Nan Publishing Company.
WorldCat, 2016, OCLC, www.worldcat.org, accessed 2021-02-07.
X: CBETA 1988. Manji Zokuzōkyō 卍續藏經, Kyoto Buddhist Canon Academy 京都藏經書院, http://tripitaka.cbeta.org/X (Accessed 2020-12-25).
XHW: Xinhua Net, 2016, http://www.xinhuanet.com, accessed 2016-01-25.
XH: Xinhua zidian 《新华字典》, 2013. Chinese-English ed. Beijing: Commercial Press.
XHZD: Xinhua zidian 《新华字典》, 2010. 11th ed. Beijing: Commercial Press.
ZZD: Shandong Sheng Diqu Chubanshe, 2016. Zhongguo Zhengqu Dituce 《中国政区地图册》, Shandong Sheng Diqu Chubanshe, Dazi Ban, Jinan.

See the References page for a full list of references.